从句在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等。
1. 从属连词that, whether
that引导主语从句只起引导作用,本身无实际意义,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,但不能省略。that引导的主语从句可放在句首,也可放在句尾。由whether (or not)引导的主语从句放在句首、句尾都可以。如:
That he became a doctor may have been due to his father’s influence.
他成为医生可能是由于他父亲的影响。
It’s a pity that you missed such a fine speech. 这样好的演讲你没听到真是可惜。
Whether it will please them is not easy to say. 这是否会让他们高兴还很难说。
It won’t make too much difference whether (or not) he will go. 他去不去都一样。
2. 连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose连接代词引导主语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
如:
What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.(what作从句主语)
对一些人来说容易的东西对另一些人来说似乎很难。
Which side will win is not clear.(which作side的定语) 哪一方会赢还不清楚。
Whoever told you that was
lying.(whoever作从句主语) 不管这话是谁对你说的,都是撒谎。
Whatever we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our teachers.
我们所取得的成就都归功于老师的指导。(whatever作achieved的宾语)
3. 连接副词where, when, why, how连接副词可以引导主语从句,在句中作时间、地点、原因以及方式状语。如:
Why he did it remains a mystery.(why在从句中作原因状语) 他为什么这么做仍然是个谜。
When he will come is not known.(when在从句中作时间状语) 他会什么时候来还不知道。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。(where在从句中作地点状语)
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”
常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1) if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:It doesn’t matter whether
he is wrong or not..
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
例如:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
课后练习
1.Although ______ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur else where in the world.
A. which
B. what
C. How
D. it
2、In some countries, ______ is called equality does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.one
3、How did it come about ______ you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?
A.which
B.what
C.that
D. it
4、______ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new.
A.What
B.Those
C.That
D.Whether
答案与解析
1、答案B,what引导的从句作主语,表示所……的东西(的情况)。必须注意:what引导的从句是各类的重点,由于what引导的从句本身相当于个名词后加上一个定语从句,所以,在what引导的从句前,一般不可再加上名词或代词。
尽管那个发达国家发生的情况听起来像科学幻想似的,但在世界其他地区也有可能发生。
2、答案C。所谓平等在有些国家实际上并不意味着全体人民都享有平等的权利。
3、你的作业里出现了这么多错误,到底是怎么回事?本句中
it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,所以答案为C。
4、人类从动物的行为中学到了很多东西,这并不是什么新论。答案为C。
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