Having worked in HR at a large banking corporation and in strategic HR consulting, I’ve seen the effects of learning and development on career mobility — and what leads people to let it fall by the wayside. Over time, working with users as well as learning experts, I’ve found that four crucial habits can make a tremendous difference.我曾经在一家大中型金融机构企业和发展战略人力资源管理咨询管理公司工作中过，看到了学习和发展对岗位流通性的危害——及其是啥造成 了这些方面的不成功。伴随着時间的变化，与客户及其学习权威专家一起工作中，我发现了四个关键的习惯性能够 造成极大的危害。
Focus on emerging skills. With so many learning options available these days, people are often tempted to simply go to Google, type in some general search terms, and start one of the first courses that pops up. That’s a waste of time.关心新起专业技能。现在有这么多的学习机会，大家经常想简易地去谷歌一下，键入一些一般的搜索关键词，随后刚开始一门突然冒出的课程内容。它是虚度光阴的作法。
Get synchronous.In this era, micro-learning — engaging with online learning tools when and where it’s convenient — is becoming a much larger part of the training and development scene. This has its benefits, including freedom, convenience, and digestible content.同歩学习。在这个时期，小型学习——与在线学习专用工具相处是很便捷的——这正逐渐变成学习培训和发展行业的关键构成部分。在线学习的优点取决于随意、便捷和可消化的內容。
But there’s also a downside. These asynchronous experiences are often solitary. And without at least some real-time interaction, whether in person or online, many students lose motivation. Researchers have found that “the sense of isolation” for some online learners “may make the difference between a successful and an unsuccessful online learning environment.” They call for more synchronous experiences. Others have also identified interaction and collaboration as critical factors in fruitful learning.但也是有不好的一面。这种不同歩的感受经常是与外部防护的。不论是网上学习還是线下推广学习，假如缺乏即时互动交流，许多学员都是丧失驱动力。科学研究工作人员发觉，针对一些在线学习者而言，“独立感”很有可能会造成 在线学习自然环境的不成功。在线学习必须大量的同歩感受。也有一些人觉得，互动交流和合作是成效显著的学习的首要条件。
In my work, I’ve consistently seen that when online students sign up for a live course, in which they interact with a professor and one another at a set time at least once a week, they stick with it longer and learn more. Often, these kinds of programs offer materials you can work on individually. But the camaraderie can serve as a huge motivator, as can the desire not to fall behind the group.在我工作中，我一直见到，当线上学员报考报名参加一个特色课程时，假如她们每星期最少一次与专家教授互动交流，她们会坚持不懈更长期，学习大量。一般 ，学习这种课程内容能够 给你今后单独工作中。可是同学们也是一个极大的鼓励要素，鼓励大伙儿不必落到人后。
When a live course isn’t available, I encourage learners to find a “synchronous cohort” — a friend or acquaintance with similar learning goals. Make a pact to do online learning together weekly. You can learn a lot from hearing each other’s questions and explaining things to each other as you come to understand them, since the act of teaching can improve content understanding, recall, and application.大伙儿没法上当场课程内容时，我激励大伙儿去找一个“同歩序列”——一个有类似学习总体目标的盆友或亲戚朋友。制订一个每星期在线学习的方案。大家能够 从相互的难题中学习到很多东西，并在了解的全过程中相互之间表述，由于课堂教学个人行为能够 提高对內容的了解、追忆和运用。
Implement learning immediately.Research shows that performing the tasks you’ve learned is crucial, because “enactment enhances memory by serving as an elaborative encoding strategy.”马上将学习內容应用到实践活动中。研究表明，将所学內容应用到实践活动中是尤为重要的，由于“根据做为一种详细的编号对策能够 提高记忆力”。
This is part of the problem many engineers face when looking for jobs straight out of college: They’ve been stuck in “theory land,” with little experience putting what they’ve learned into practice. You can run into the same issue with online learning. For example, I could spend weeks watching videos on how to set up a distributed computing system. But if I don’t go to Amazon Web Services and deploy it — soon — I’ll forget much of what I learned.它是很多技术工程师在毕业后时遭遇的一个难题:她们受困在“基础理论行业”，没什么机会把她们所学到的物品付诸行动。在网络上学习中你能碰到一样的难题。比如，我能花上好多个礼拜的時间收看有关怎样创建一个分布式计算系统软件的视頻。可是假如我不去Amazon Web Services尽早实践活动，我可能忘掉我所学到的绝大多数专业知识。
So whatever field you’re studying, find opportunities to use your new skills. Depending on the skill, you might participate in a collaborative project at work, for instance, or set up your own project on a small scale at home.因此不管你一直在科学研究哪些行业，必须找机会应用你的超级技能。依据专业技能的不一样，你很有可能会参加一个合作新项目，或是在家里小规模纳税人地创建你自己的新项目。
Set a golden benchmark.Just like runners in a marathon, online learners need to have a clear goal in order to stay focused. A return on investment (in terms of time and money spent) is hard to gauge in the near term. But those who persevere generally have their eye on a larger prize — a new job, a promotion, or the chance to lead a project. I encourage people to determine a specific career objective and keep it front of mind as they learn.设定一个金黄规范。如同马拉松比赛参赛选手一样，在线学习者必须有一个既定目标来集中注意力。短时间，投资收益率(在時间和钱财层面)难以考量。但这些锲而不舍的人一般 会紧紧围绕更大的奖赏——一份新工作中、一份升职，或是是领导干部一个新项目的机会。我激励大家去明确一个实际的职业发展目标，并在她们学习的全过程中把它放在心上。
Of course, that benchmark will change as you develop. Learning is a career-long process. After you achieve one big goal, set your sights on the next one. That’s how you make learning a part of your normal routine.自然，这一标准会伴随着你的发展而更改。学习是随着职业发展发展的悠长全过程。在你完成一个大总体目标后，将你的总体目标放到下一个总体目标上。那样就可以让学习变成你生活起居的一部分。
大量內容请不断关心。