1. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim th
分析：本句的主句为“A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that …”;其中“that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”为that引导的宾语从句，做claim的宾语;在宾语从句中“having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves”为现在分词短语作状语，在该宾语从句中做原因状语，“ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”也是现在分词短语做状语，在该宾语从句中做时间状语。
2. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句的主句为“An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”;其中“to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment”为不定式作表语宾语;“under which the experiment was carried out.”为宾语从句，关系词为which, 做the social environment的定语。
3. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句主句为“An action such as shocking a victim acquires a completely different meaning”;“which in isolation appears evil”为定语从句，关系词为which, 作An action的定语;“when placed in this setting”为时间状语从句。
4. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句的主句为“the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures”;“surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.”为现在分词短语作状语，做主句的伴随状语。
5. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句的主句为“we have two radically different explanations for why…”;“why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure.”为why引导的宾语从句，作介词for的宾语。
6. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句为并列句，“One form of pollution does appear to be a phenomenon”和“but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem”并列，由but连接;破折号中内容为解释说明部分，解释One form of pollution;“that is going to extend well into our future”为定语从句，做a phenomenon的定语，关系词为that。
7. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句的主句为“opinion polls suggest that…”;其中“that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality”为that引导的宾语从句，作suggest的宾语;“that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.”为that引导的同位语从句，做the belief的同位语，并且在该同位语从句中，“environmental standards are declining”和“four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality”并列，由and连接。
8. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句主句为“That would matter less”;“if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying”为if引导的条件状语从句;“as they do to lobby groups in other fields”为定语从句，做the same degree of skepticism的定语，关系词为as。
9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句的主句为“a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic”;其中“opposing such a weakening”为现在分词短语作定语，作a green organization的定语;“even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.”为even if引导的让步状语从句;而其中“they are doing more harm than good”为宾语从句，引导词that被省掉。
10. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句主句为“People worry that…”;“that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste.”为that引导的宾语从句，作worry的宾语;其中“everyone throws away”为定语从句，作stuff的定语，关系词为that, 因其在定语从句中作宾语，因此被省掉。
11. Yet, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句的主句为“all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.”;其中“America produces”为定语从句，作all the rubbish的定语，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，被省掉;“even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past,”和“even if the American population doubles by 2100”两个从句并列，皆为even if引导的让步状语从句。
雅思, 长难句