大学英语语法常识那么多,最常考的其实就这七个!

style="position: absolute; width:0; height:0; overflow:hidden; left: -9999px; top: -9999px;">大学英语语法常识那么多，最常考的其实就这七个！尚达吴教师

<h3>一、介词by的用法</h3><h3>1、 意为“在……旁”，“接近”。</h3><h3>some are singing and dancing under a big tree。some are drawing by the lake。</h3><h3>有的在大树下歌唱跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>2、意为“不迟于”，“到……时中止”。</h3><h3>your son will be all right by supper time。</h3><h3>你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。</h3><h3>how many english songs had you learned by the end of last term？</h3><h3>到上个学期末你们现已学了多少首英语歌曲？</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>3、标明办法、办法，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭仗”、“经过”、“乘坐”等。</h3><h3>the m was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing。</h3><h3>山公用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。</h3><h3>the boy’s father was so thankful that he taught edison how to send messages by railway telegraph。</h3><h3>孩子的父亲是那么的感谢，所以他教爱迪生怎样经过铁路电报来传达信息。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>4、标明“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。</h3><h3>one by one they went past the table in the dark。</h3><h3>他们一个一个得在黑私自经过这张桌子。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>5、标明“根据”，“依照”的意思。</h3><h3>what time is it by your watch？</h3><h3>你的表几点了？</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>6、和take ， hold等动词连用，阐明触摸身体的某一有些。</h3><h3>i took him by the hand。</h3><h3>我拉住了他的手。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>7、用于被逼句中，标明行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。</h3><h3>english is spoken by many people。</h3><h3>英语被许多人说。（即“许多人讲英语。”）</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>二、动名词doing</h3><h3>动名词恰当于名词，在语句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。</h3><h3>1、作主语</h3><h3>fighting broke out between the south and the north。</h3><h3>南边与北方开战了。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>2、作宾语</h3><h3>would you mind turning down your radio a little， please？</h3><h3>请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>3、作表语</h3><h3>babysister’s


job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。</h3><h3>保姆的作业是洗衣裳，作饭和照看孩子。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>4、做定语</h3><h3>a washing machine 一台洗衣机</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>三、used to 的用法</h3><h3>used to 意为曩昔常常做某事。</h3><h3>1、必定句：used这个词没有人称的改变，to后边接动词原形。</h3><h3>否定句是didn’t use to…。</h3><h3>when i was a child， i didn’t use to like apples。</h3><h3>当我仍是孩子的时分我不喜爱苹果。</h3><h3>疑问方法是did you use to…？</h3><h3>where did you use to live before you came here？</h3><h3>当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>2、富含used to 的语句的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语，而用didn’t + 主语。</h3><h3>——he used to


smoke， didn’t he？</h3><h3>——他曩昔常常吸烟，是吗？</h3><h3>yes， he did。/ no， he didn’t。</h3><h3>是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>四、被逼语态</h3><h3>被逼语态由助动词be加及物动词的曩昔分词构成，助动词be有时态，人称和数的改变。被逼语态的时态是由be的时态抉择的，be是啥时态，全句就是啥时态，be动词后边的曩昔分词不变。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>1、各种时态的被逼语态规划如下：</h3><h3>一般如今时的被逼语态：</h3><h3>主语+am / is / are （not）+曩昔分词</h3><h3>一般曩昔时的被逼语态：</h3><h3>主语+was / were +曩昔分词</h3><h3>如今结束时的被逼语态：</h3><h3>主语+have / has +been +曩昔分词</h3><h3>一般将来时的被逼语态：</h3><h3>主语+will +be +曩昔分词</h3><h3>曩昔将来时的被逼语态：</h3><h3>主语+would / should + be +曩昔分词</h3><h3>曩昔进行时的被逼语态：</h3><h3>主语+was / were + being


+曩昔分词</h3><h3>曩昔结束时的被逼语态：</h3><h3>主语+had + been +曩昔分词</h3><h3>神态动词的被逼语态：</h3><h3>神态动词+be+曩昔分词</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>2、被逼语态的用法</h3><h3>（1）不晓得或没有必要阐明动作的实施者是谁，不必by+动作实施者短语。</h3><h3>football is played widely all over the world。</h3><h3>全世界都广泛地踢足球。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>（2）偏重动作的承受者。</h3><h3>the bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。</h3><h3>昨日下午这家银行遭到掠取。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>（3）作客观阐明时，常选用一种被逼语态句型。</h3><h3>it is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the usa。</h3><h3>据报导美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>3、主动语态的语句变为被逼语态的进程</h3><h3>（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语</h3><h3>（2）动词改为被逼方


法，即be+曩昔分词</h3><h3>（3）正本的主语，假定需要的话，放在by后边；假定没必要，可省掉。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>五、虚拟口气</h3><h3>假定咱们所说的不是实际，而只是一种假定、期望、主张或是一种完成不了的幻想就用虚拟口气。</h3><h3>留心：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只需在虚拟（非真实）条件句中，才用虚拟口气；而在真实条件句中，要用陈述口气。</h3><h3>请比照：</h3><h3>（1）if it is sunny tomorrow ， we’ll go to the zoo。</h3><h3>假定明每气候好，咱们将会去公园。</h3><h3>在这句话中，明每气候好是完全有可以完成的，并非虚拟、愿望，因而是真实条件句，在本句中，适用“主将从现。”</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>（2）if i were you ， i would go at once。</h3><h3>假定我是你的话，我马上就走。</h3><h3>在这句话中，条件句“假定我是你”，但实际我不可以能变成你，这只是假定的，没有完成的可以。当条件完成的可以性很小，甚至没有时，就需要用虚拟口气标明。</h3><h3>虚拟口气标明和如今的实际相反，从句用一般过期，主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。</h3><h3>例如 ：</h3><h3>if i had time， i would go for a walk。</h3><h3>if i were invited， i would go to the dinner party。</h3><h3>if i won a million dollars in the lottery， i would put it in the bank。</h3><h3>if i were you ， i’d wear a shirt and tie。</h3><h3>留心：在虚拟口气的语句中，be动词只能用were，不能用was。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>六、must/might/could/can