酷炫脑
时而心境高昂，觉得自个无所不能；
时而抑郁寡欢，心境极度丢失.......
双相情感妨碍究竟是怎么一回事？
来听听脑科学怎么说 ~
- 本期视频 -
双相情感妨碍（躁郁症）是啥？
What is bipolar disorder?
双相意味着两个极点，对全世界数百万躁郁症患者而言，他们的生命被撕裂成两个不一样的实际：心境高昂和抑郁寡欢。
The wordbipolar means two extremes.For the many millions experiencing bipolar disorder around the world, elation and depression.
尽管躁郁症有许多型态，让咱们先来看其间的两种。
Although there are many variations of bipolardisorder，let'sconsider a couple.
第 1 型体现为极度高昂与极度丢失并存。
Type1 has extreme highs alongside the lows.
第 2 型有的则是较短且较轻的高昂期，这种高昂期穿插在长时刻的抑郁中。
Type 2 involves briefer,less extreme periods of elation.For someone seesawing between emotional states.
关于这两种心境起高低伏的人来说，要找到安康日子有必要的平衡点或许很难。
For someone seesawing between emotional states,it can feel impossible to find the balance necessary to lead a healthy life.
第 1 型的极度高昂进程称为“躁期”，时刻人会感到狂躁或是认为自个无所不能。但这种极度振奋的领会跨越了一般的开心感触，并会构成恼人的表现如快速思维方法、失眠、语速过快、语速过快、及风险行为。
Type 1's extreme highs are known as manic episodes,and they can make a person range from feeling irritable to invincible.But these euphoric episodes exceed ordinary feelings of joy, sleeplessness,and risky behaviors.
假定没有承受医治这些发生会变得愈发频频，变得愈发严峻，也需要更多时刻才干暂停。
Without treatment, these episodes become more frequent,and take longer to subside.
躁郁症的“郁期”会以多种方法体现，如心境丢失、快乐喜爱削弱、食欲改动、感到没有价值或过本分疚、睡觉时刻过长或过短、坐卧不安或反应弛禁或持续发生自杀的主意。
The depressed phase of bipolar disorder manifests in many ways,low mood,dwindling interest in hobbies,changes in appetite,restlessness or slownessor persistent thoughts of suicide.
在全世界规模内大约有 1-3% 的成年人，正阅历着这些广泛的躁郁症表现。这其间大大都都是对社会运作有着奉献的人，他们的日子、抉择计划、人际联络尽管不会受制于躁郁症，但对许多人来说躁郁的成果仍恰当严峻。
Worldwide, about one to three percent of adultsexperiencethe broad range of symptoms that indicate bipolar disorder.Most of those people are functional, contributing members of society,and their lives, choices and relationshipsand their lives, choices and relationshipsbut still, for many, the consequences are serious.
这种疾病会损坏我们的学业及专业体现、人际联络、财务情况及人生平安。
The illness can undermine educational and professional performance,financial securityand personal safety.
那么究竟是啥缘由引发了躁郁症？研讨人员认为大脑凌乱的回路是一个要害。
So what causes bipolar disorder?Researchers think a key player is the brain's intricatewiring.
安康的大脑坚持着神经元间强有力的连接，这都要谢谢大脑持续地尽力修剪自个并移除没有运用或已损坏的神经连接。这个进程很重要因为咱们的神经途径就像张地图，为咱们指引方向。
Healthy brains maintain strong connections between neurons.Thanks to the brain's continuous efforts to prune itselfand remove unused or faulty neural connections.This process is important because our neural pathways serve as a mapfor everything we do.
利吃苦能磁共振造影技能，大脑的修剪功用在躁郁症患者身上遭到了烦扰。这就意味着他们的神经元道路紊乱，他们的神经元网络无法导航。
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging,scientists have discovered that the brain's pruning ability is disruptedin people with bipolar disorder.That means their neurons go haywireand create a network that's impossible to navigate.
在紊乱信号的指引下，躁郁症患者打开出了不正常的思维及行为躁郁症患者打开出了不正常的思维及行为，像是紊乱的言语及行为、妄
想、偏执及幻觉都可以在躁郁症的极点时刻呈现。
With only confusing signals as a guide,people with bipolar disorder develop abnormal thoughts and behaviors.Also, psychotic symptoms,like disorganized speech and behavior,delusional thoughts,paranoiaand hallucinationscan emerge during extreme phasesof bipolar disorder.
这要归因于一种过度分泌的神经传递质，多巴胺。可是即便有这些见地，咱们照常不能把躁郁症归简略咎于单一成因。
This is attributed to the overabundance of a neurotransmittercalled dopamine.But despite these insights,we can't pin bipolar disorder down to a single cause.
真实的情况是这个疑问很凌乱，比分说大脑的杏仁核与思考、长时刻回想及心境处置有关。
In reality, it's a complex problem.For example, the brain's amygdala is involved in thinking,long-termmemoryand emotional processing.
这一脑区可以会因各种要素如遗传及社会伤口，而呈现异常并引发躁郁症的表现。这种情况一般会呈如今家族中，因而咱们的确晓得到遗传跟此疾病大有联络。
In this brain region, factors as varied as genetics and social trauma may create
abnormalities and trigger the symptoms of bipolar disorder.The condition tends to run in families,so we do know that genetics have a lot to do with it.
但这并不料味着存在着一个躁郁症基因，实际上一自个打开出躁郁症的可以性遭到许多基因间的交互影响。情况凌乱，咱们仍在测验着找出答案。
But that doesn't mean there's a single bipolar gene.In fact, the likelihood of developing bipolar disorderis driven by the interactions between many genesin a complicated recipe we're still trying to understand.
因为成因凌乱，因而确诊并与躁郁症同处是一大应战。尽管如此，这种疾病仍是可控的。药物如锂盐，能协助控制风险的思维及行为。因为它们能平稳心境，这种心境平稳剂的之所以有用是因为它们降低了脑部不正常的活动，然后增强有用的神经连接。
The causes are complex,and consequently, diagnosing and living with bipolar disorder is a challenge.Despite this, the disorder is controllable.Despite this, the disorder is controllablecan help manage risky thoughts and behaviorsby stabilizing moods.These mood stabilizing medicationswork by decreasing abnormal activity in the brain,thereby strengthening the viable neural connections.
另外常用的医治法还有抗精力病药物，经过改动多巴胺的影响起效。还有电击痉挛休克医治法，就比如人为稳重控制的大脑癫痫，这种办法有时也会当作紧迫办法运用。
Other frequently used medications include antipsychotics,which alter the effects of dopamineand electroconvulsive therapy,which works like a carefully controlled seizure in the brain,is sometimes used as an emergency treatment.
有的躁郁症患者会回绝接收医治，因为他们惧怕疗法会使心境丢失并摧毁创造力。
Somebipolar patients reject treatmentbecause they're afraid it will dim their emotionsand destroy their creativity.
但现代精力科学尽力避免的正是这种情况，如今医生会根据患者的自个情况实施临床和心思医治，让患者能在日子中充分发扬他们的潜力。
But modern psychiatry is actively trying to avoid that.Today,doctors work with patients on a case-by-case basisto administer a combination of treatments and therapiesthat allows them to live to their fullest possiblepotential.
除医治之外，躁郁症患者还能从简略的改动中获益，收成如规则的运动，杰出的睡觉习气，对药物及酒精饮料的控制运用，更不必说亲友老友的了解与怜惜。
And beyond treatment,people with bipolar disorder can benefit from even simpler changes.Those include regular exercise,good sleep habitsand sobriety from drugs and alcohol,not to mention the acceptance and empathy of family and friends.
要记住躁郁症是一种疾病，也不代表一自个的身份。这种疾病能被控制，药物及医治能从人体内部发扬作用，加上外部亲友给予的接收与了解。躁郁症患者因而能鼓励自个，找到生命的平衡点。
Remember, bipolar disorder is a medical condition,not a person's faultor their whole identity,and it's something that can be controlledthrough a combination of medical treatments doing their work internally，friends and family fostering acceptance and understanding on the outside,and people with bipolar disorder empowering themselvesto find balance in their lives.
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