人教版丨8大学下册英语第1单元常识点总结_ke_Unit_What

off [?f] adv. prep. 脱离（某处）；从…去掉

get off 下车

to one's surprise 使…惊奇，出乎…意料

onto [??nt?] prep. 向，朝

trouble [?tr?bl] n. 费事，烦扰，疑问

hit [hit] n. & v. 磕碰，打，冲击

right away 当即，马上

get into 堕入，参加

herself [h?:?self] pron. 她自个，她本身（she的反身代词）

bandage ['b?nd?d?] n. & v. 纱带；用纱带包扎

sick [s?k] adj. 患病的，不适的

knee [ni:] n. 膝盖

nosebleed [?n??zbli:d] n. 鼻出血

breathe [bri:e] v. 呼吸

sunburned [?s?nb?:nd] adj. 晒伤的

ourselves [ɑ:?selvz] pron. 咱们自个（we的反身代词）

climber [?kla?m?(r)] n. 爬山者

be used to 习气于… 习气于…

risk [r?sk] n. & v. 风险，风险；冒险

take risks (take a risk) 冒险

accident [??ksid?nt] n. 意外作业；事端

situation [?sitju?ei??n] n. 情况，方法，情况

kg=kilogram [?k?l?gr?m] n. 公斤，千克

rock [r?k] n. 岩石

run out (of) 用尽，耗尽

knife [naif] n. 刀，餐刀

cut off 切除

blood [bl?d] n. 血

mean [mi:n] v. 意味着，意思是，意欲

get out of 脱离，从… 出来

importance [?m?p?:tns] n. 重要性

decision [d?'s??n] n. 决计，抉择，选择

control [k?n'tr??l] v. 控制，分配，操作

be in control of 掌管，打点

spirit ['sp?r?t] n. 勇气，意志

death [deθ] n. 去世

give up 扔掉

nurse [n?:s] n. 护士

Judy朱迪 （女名）

ancy南希 （女名）

Mandy曼迪 （女名）

Aron Ralston阿伦·罗尔斯顿

Utah犹他州（美国）

【要点短语】

1.have a fever 发烧

2.have a cough 咳嗽

3.have a toothache 牙疼

4.talk too much 说得太多

5.drink enough water 喝满足的水

6.have a cold 受凉;伤风

7.have a stomachache 胃疼

8.have a sore back 背疼

9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛

10. take risks 冒险

11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶

12.see a dentist 看牙医

13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片

14.take one’ s temperature 量体温

15.put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药

16. give up 扔掉

17. sound like 听起来像

18. all weekend 整个周末

19. in the same way 以相同的方法

20. go to a doctor 看医生

21. go along 沿着……走

22. on the side of the road 在马路旁边

23. shout for help 大声呼救

24. without thinking twice 没有多想

25. get off 下车

26. have a heart problem 有心脏病

27. to one’ s surprise 另或人惊奇的是

28. thanks to 幸而了 ；因为

29. in time 及时

30. make a decision 做出抉择

31. get into

trouble 构成费事

32. right away 马上；马上

33. because of 因为

34. get out of 脱离;从……出来

35. keep on doing sth. 持续或坚持做某事

36. put a bandage on sth. 用纱带包扎

37. fall down 颠仆

38. feel sick 感到厌烦

39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血

40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖

41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰

42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难

43. mountain climbing 爬山运动

44. be used to doing sth. 习气做某事

45. run out (of) 用完;用尽

46. so that 以便

47. so...that... 如此……致使于...…

48. be in control of 掌管;打点

49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中

【要点句型】

1. What's the matter with you?= What'the trouble with you?

= What's wrong with you? 你怎么了？

2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？

3.Should I take my temperature? 我大约量一下体温吗？

4.You should lie down and rest. 你大约躺下歇息一会儿。

5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸仍是书呢？

6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without

moving.我想我以相同的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。

7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说这自个有心脏病大约去医院。

基础常识

1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出啥作业了？

【解析】matter/ ' m?t?(r)) /n.疑问；作业

What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？

【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或描述词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the

【用法】用于问询或人有啥病或或人遇到啥费事、疑问这今后跟问询目标时， 与介词with连用。即：

What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?

— What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.

2. I had a cold.我伤风了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu伤风

have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼

3. 身体部位+ache（痛苦）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛

4. much too+ 描述词，意为 太...... ，too much+名词，意为 许多

，许多 。

5. enough【描述、副词】满足的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough满足好，enough money=much money

6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，曩昔式lay；lie扯谎，曩昔式lied

7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，标明可以性，后加语句。Maybe you are right.

may be，是神态动词+be的规划，意为“可以，或许”，后加名词、代词或描述词。He may be angry.

sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.

It sounds like a good idea. sound+描述词，“听起来，如同”，The music sounds nice.

9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

need to do sth.需要做某事，主语一般是人，标明人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.

need doing sth.主语一般是物，标明被逼的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.

10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车

11. agree 附和，附和；

agree with sth. 附和某事 如：I agree with that idea.

agree to sb. 附和或人的定见 如：I agree to LiLei.

12. trouble疑问，费事 ；be in trouble遇到费事，make trouble 制造费事 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有费事。

13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。

14. advice [不可以数名词]?担髡牛颉扒蠖?give sb. advice on sth.就某事给或人主张； advise [动词]

advise sb. to do sth. 主张或人做某事

advise sb. doing sth.

advise sb.to do sth.和advise sb.doing sth.的差异

advise的用法

分配有两种：

advise sb.to do sth主张或人做某事

advise doing sth.主张做某事

如：He advised going to the movie.他主张去看影片.

He advised us to go to the movie.他主张咱们去看影片.

请看下面这道题，该选哪个答案？是advise doing仍是advise to do?

The husband advised_________to the south, but his wife advised him_________up the idea.

A. moving, givingB. to move, to giveC. moving, to giveD. to move, giving

【分析】此题简略误选A，因为许多学生都记住了“advise后接动词要用动名词而不必不定式”这一分配规则。但此“规则”的表述是不精确的，精确的说法大约是：advise后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，不必不定式；但若这今后接的动词前有宾语，此动词用作宾语补足语时，则此动词要用不定式。即说advise doing sth (主张做某事)或advise sb to do sth (主张或人做某事)。类似情况的还有allow(答应)，permit(答应)，forbid(阻止)等动词，即：

allow doing sth答应做某事，

allow sb to do sth答应或人做某事；

permit doing sth答应做某事，

permit sb to do sth答应或人做某事；

forbid doing sth阻止做某事，

forbid sb to do sth阻止或人做某事。

趁便说一句，要特别留心以上各句型后一规划的被逼语态方法，如：

We don’t allow smoking in the lab.咱们禁绝在实验室吸烟。

We don’t allow people to smoke in the lab.咱们禁绝我们在实验室吸烟。

People are not allowed to smoke in the lab.我们禁绝在实验室吸烟。

重要语法点

一、 问询或人的安康问运及遭到费事的表达办法

(1)问询或人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种费事时，常用以下几种规划来表达：

What’s the matter (with sb．)?（或人）怎么了？

What’s wrong (with sb．)?（或人）怎么了？

What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（或人）出啥事了？

What happened (to sb．)?（或人）发生了啥事？

Are you OK?你没事吧？

Is there anything wrong with sb.？或人有啥事吗？

(2)要表达身体痛苦或不舒畅，可用以下规划：

1.或人+have/has+病症．

The twins have colds．双胞胎伤风了。

2.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.

She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。

3.或人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位．

He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。

4或人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词．

He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。

5某部位+hurt(s).

My head hurts badly．我头痛得凶狠。

6或人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位，

I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。

7.(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．

There is something wrong with my right eye．．我的右眼有缺陷。

8.其他表达方法

She has a heart trouble．她有心脏病。

He got hit on the head他头部遭到了碰击。

She cut her finger．她割破手指了。

二 神态动词should的用法

1．Should为神态动词，意为“大约；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，这今后接动词原形，无人称和数的改变。常用来标明征询定见、主张、?怠⑿枨蠡蛟鹑蔚取?/p>

You should drink hot water with honey．你大约喝加有蜂蜜的开水。

He should put his head back他大约把头后仰。

We should try our best to help him.咱们应当极力去协助他。

You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不大约看电视。

2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，标明征询定见。

Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？

Should we tell her about it?咱们大约告诉她这件事吗？

【拓宽】在英语中，标明主张的说法有许多，而且都是中考查询的要点。首要规划有：

①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／情愿（做）某事吗？

Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一同打篮球吗？

②Shall I/we do sth ?我／咱们做??好吗？

Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明日咱们去动物园，好吗？

③Why not do sth ?为啥不??呢？

Why not join us?为啥不参加到咱们傍边来呢？

④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ How about going swimming?去游水怎么样？

⑤Let’s do sth让咱们做??吧。 Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。

⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最佳（不）要做某事。

You’d better not go there alone．你最佳不要一自个去那儿。

【论题：谈论安康和事端】

谈论自个的安康，发生事端时怎么做及如何向别人提出主张和?担缓笱山艹龅囊澈腿兆酉捌＞咛宓绞槊姹泶镏行枨笸钦瓶孛杌嫒颂宓牟皇剩⑻岢稣返闹髡拧?/p>

Last week, I got sick. On Wednesday, I had a cold, but I still went to school. On Thursday morning, I had a fever. My mother took me to see a doctor in Renmin Hospital. Then we went back home and I had some chicken soup. My mother said chicken soup was very good. On Friday, I stayed in bed and had a good rest. On Saturday, I felt much better.

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