2016新SAT改革阅读考试中将会有两篇历史/社会学篇章。与科学类篇章一样,历史社会学篇章也可能出现图表,或者出现在双篇章中。
历史/社会学篇章包括经济学,心理学,语言学和历史。值得一提的是,每次SAT阅读考试,会有一篇文章节选自美国建国文献(the Founding Documents of the United States)或者国际著名人物的演说和文稿 (the Great Global Conversation).建国文献包括《独立宣言》(the Declaration of Independence),美国宪法 (the U.S. Constitution),和权利法案(the Bill of Rights)等。国际著名人物的演说和文稿包括诸如丘吉尔演讲, 曼德拉文稿,甘地信件等等文献。
这些历史文献关注的主题通常为:自由,政府职能,个人与社会关系等。
阅读历史篇章的时候,要注意作者或演讲者如何利用修辞和语言说服读者或听众的。以下为常用的修辞技巧:
强调 (Rhetorical Emphasis):包括重复某些重要的词或词组, 重复句子结构,连续使用同义词,自问自答等等。如: Were the original documents provided? No. Were uncensored copies provided? No. Was any reasonable effort made to share key information about the contents of documents? No. Each and every request for additional information was totally and completely ignored.(使用同样结构的句子,自问自答;使用同义词each 和 every,totally和 completely 进行强调。)
并置(Juxtaposition): 将不同或相反的东西并置在一起,形成强烈的对比和反差。如: In the shadow of scrap-heaps piled high with the discarded luxuries of the world's richest economies, there live and work some of the poorest people in the developing world.
类比(Analogies):类比用来比较具有相同属性和关系的东西, 类比有助于理解复杂抽象的想法和概念。如:The government is like a pair of work boots: it protects us from injury and discomfort, but only if it is properly fitted. A pair of work boots which is too large or too small may do more harm than good, and had better be replaced. (该句先将政府比喻成靴子,然后进行类比。)
历史社会学的篇章可能是议论文 (argumentative),也可能是说明文 (explanatory),还可能是劝说型的文章(persuasive)。 很多persuasive篇章依赖的是感染读者或听众的情绪(to make you feel that they are right),而非通过论证。
SAT阅读变难了。新增加的历史社会学篇章这类文章对于我们中国学生来讲变难了。毕竟我们对于美国的政治历史知识接触得比较少,对 阿卡索雅思托福课程性价比高,可以去试听下,这是体验课地址:www.acadsoc.com.cn