SAT语法考察是的标准书面语,对平行结构的要求自然会更加严格些。下面通过一些平行结构的题目,和大家来具体分析下。
常见的并列连词或词组,当and, but, yet, or, not only...but also..., either...or..., from...to...这些词出现的时候,识别平行结构考点。并列词组较容易判断平行结构的部分,因为它有一个区间,例如between the brains of meditators and the brains of non-meditators。而句意考察的侧重点则在于开放式的并列连词甚至会没有出现并列连词。
例如真题(2013.10-8)
Contrary to popular myth, many people enjoy working and even report higher levers of satisfaction during work hours than during leisure time.
A. And even report
B. But who also report
C. As well as even reporting
D. But even reporting
E. Which they even report
分析:首先考点标识and的识别,归为平行结构考点。题干和选项均不难,在考试时间的压力下,有同学迅速判断出working和reporting平行,选择C。
C项符合平行结构的词性平行,即working和reporting一致,此时句意为“人们享受工作,甚至在工作时享受呈现出更高的满意度”;
对比下另一种平行,即enjoy和work一致,此时句意为“人们享受工作,人们在工作时甚至呈现出更高的满意度”。句意的对比,使最终答案选择了A。
再者,例如OG 3-38题
For centuries,cats have guarded this famous museum, riding it of mice, rats, and other rodents that could damage the art, not to mention scared off visitors.
A. NO CHANGE
B. scaring
C. scare
D. have scared
分析:没有明显标识,逐一判断。
A选项为动词过去式,没有并列连词会导致两个谓语的出现,排除。
B选项和riding形式一致,修饰相同对象cats,可理解为平行,句意为“猫驱赶了老鼠等啮齿类动物,猫吓跑游客”。
C选项和前文damage一致,修饰相同主语that,此处有省略,如(that could)scare off visitors, 句意为“会破坏艺术品和吓跑游客的啮齿类动物”
D选项和谓语have guarded一致,修饰相同主语cats,句意同B选项。
请问,是“猫驱赶了可能会破坏艺术品的老鼠,并吓跑了游客”,还是“猫驱赶了可能会破坏艺术品和可能会吓跑游客的老鼠”?句意很明显让答案C浮出水面。
细心会发现,上题中的平行并没有并列连词的出现,标识不明显。但句意的对应用来判断平行始终不会错,如下题:
The famous battle depicted in the film B
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reaveheart took place in Northern England, and many people assume that it was the Scottish Highlands.and many people assume that it was
many people assuming
but many people assume it to be
not, as many people assume, in
分析:句意“这场著名的战争发生在北英格兰,许多人却猜测发生在苏格兰高地”。地点的对应,要注意这里应有的介词平行,正确答案为D,一样没有并列连词的出现。
综上所述,平行结构的判断,除了语法原则上的一致,更进一步加入句意的考虑,语法和语意相结合是我们顺利拿下此类题目的关键。平行结构是sat语法中非常有趣味的考点,不要觉得需要增加分析步骤而增加了难度,不同的平行会导致句意不同,由此可带来对句子甚至文章多种理解的可能性。这更符合了在新sat中,结合文章意思考察语法点原则的要求。
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