大学上册英语常识点总结归纳
8大学（大学）上册英语语法、短语和常识点总结归纳
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
本单元的论题：谈论假期活动内容，温习一般曩昔时。
本单元的语法：1.温习一般曩昔时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。
2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：
(1)左面的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词，some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词;
(2)一般情况下以some最初的不定代词和不定副词用于必定句，以any最初的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no最初的不定代词和不定副词标明否定意义(no one为两个单词);
(3)不定代词或不定副词和描述词连用时，描述词放在后边。
He has something important to do.他有重要的作业要做。(必定句用something，描述词important放后)
Did you buy anything special? (一般疑问句用anything，描述词special放后)
Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感快乐喜爱的当地了吗?
(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，描述词interesting放后)
(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后边的动词用奇数方法。Everone is here today.今日每自个都在这儿。
本单元的短语和常识点：
1. go on vacation去休假 go to the mountains 上山/进山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 赏识博物馆 go to summer camp去赏识夏令营 3. study for tests为考试而学习\备考 go out出去
4. quite a few恰当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)take photos照相 most of the time大有些时刻 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为或人买某物 6. taste good. 尝起来极好
taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词，后跟描述词
7.have a good\great\fun time过得高兴，玩得开心(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping去购物 9. nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外啥都没有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨日他在家除了读书无事可做。
10. seem to do sth:如同… I seem to know him.我如同知道他。
seem+(to be)+描述词：看起来…The work seems(to be)easy.这作业看起来很简略。
11.keep a diary记日记
12. in+大当地：抵达某地 (get to +当地：抵达某地)
arrive at+小当地：抵达某地 (get的曩昔式为got)
如果arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地址副词，后边的介词in\at\to有必要去掉。
Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。
13.decide to do sth:抉择做某事 14. try doing sth.测验做某事try to do sth.极力去做某事
15. feel like给…的感触;感遭到 16. in the past 在曩昔 walk around四处逛逛
enjoy doing sth:喜爱做某事 difference(名词，差异，不一样)---- different(描述词，不一样的)
18.start doing sth：初步做某事 (= start to do sth)
19.19.over an hour一个多小时 (over跨越，剩下 = more than)
20. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数。 too much 太多，后跟不可以数名词，润饰动词作状语。
much too 太，后跟描述词或副词 ， 分辩三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法差异看后头:much 后接不可以数,too 后润饰形或副。too many 要记住，后边名词必复数。
21. because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing)，不能接语句。
because因为，后跟语句。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)
= He was late for school because he got up late.
22. enough(满足的)与名词连用，一般放在名词前He has enough money .
23. enough(满足的)与描述词或副词连用，enough放在后边。He is old enough to go to school.
24. doing sth.忘掉现已做过某事(现已做完)
Forget to do sth.忘掉去做某事(还未做)(forget的曩昔式为forgot)
25. so+描述词+that+语句：如此…致使于…
too+描述词+to do sth：太…致使于不能…
描述词+enough to do sth：满足…可以做某事(留心三个句型有时可以交换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
本单元的论题：谈论日子习气，温习一般如今时。
本单元的语法：1.温习一般如今时;2.学习标明频率副词的用法。
首要频率副词的等级排序：always(老是) > usually (一般) > often(常常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)
这些副词在语句中的方位，一般放在助动词、be动词或神态动词之后，行为动词之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学老是迟到。
I usually do my homework in the evening. 我一般在晚上做作业。
发问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词，用 How often
I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视→How often do you watch TV?(你多长时刻看一次电视?)
本单元的短语和常识点：
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看影片 help with housework协助做家务 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天 use the Internet用互联网
be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动
5.after school 放学后 6.want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔。
want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。
want sb to do sth:让或人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.母亲让我早上。
7.be good for对……有优点 be bad for 对……有害处
8. play computer games打电子游戏 go camping去野营 9.ask sb about sth：问或人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母常常问我的学习情况。
10. in one's spare time在或人业余时刻He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13，2b)”数字+percent of+名词”做主语时，后边的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数，后边的动词用复数方法;若名词为奇数或不可以数名词，后边的动词用奇数方法。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.
12.not…at all:一点儿也不 (not构成否定句)I don't like the movie at all.
13.go online上网=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名词：…的答案
16.the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最佳)方法
The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最佳办法是说英语.
17.such as比方 (后跟名词或名词短语)for example 例如(后跟语句)
He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜爱生果，例如苹果、香蕉等。
He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.
19.more than (=over)跨越，剩下 go to the dentist去看牙医
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
本单元的论题：谈论事物比照，学习描述词比照级。
本单元的语法：学习描述词比照级。(语法：见讲义第113页至115页)
本单元的短语和常识点：
1.play+the +乐器 play the drums打鼓 比照play +球类 play basketball打篮球
both…and…两者都(后边的动词用复数方法) Both Tom and Jim are students.
3.be good at+名词\代词\V ing:擅长，在某方面做得好
7.be like:像… The books are like friends.书像兄弟。
8.make friends (with sb)：(和或人)交兄弟 enjoy doing sth:喜爱做某事
9.be different from与…不一样 My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我纷歧样。
10.help sb to (do) sth:协助或人做某事
常与help sb with sth(在某方面协助或人)交换 He often helps me (to) learn English.他常常协助我学习英语。= He often helps me with my English.他常常在英语方面协助我。
help (to) do sth:协助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他常常在家协助煮饭。
13.be good with sb:与或人共处极好 14.information (n.消息，信息)不可以数名词
Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?
本单元的论题：谈论事物比照， 学习描述词和副词的最高档。
本单元的语法：学习描述词和副词的最高档。
本单元的短语和常识点：
1.welcome to+地址：等待来到某地 Welcome to our school.等待来我校。
2.What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为...怎么样?
3.watch sb do sth:看见或人做了某事(= see sb do sth )
4.比照等级 +and+比照级：越来越…(若比照级为more+描述词原级，则为：more and more描述词原级)The buildings are taller and taller. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.
5.around the world全世界=all over the world, such as 例如
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
本单元的论题：谈论自个对天使节目或影片的喜爱，学会表达自个的感触。
本单元的语法：温习一般如今时。
本单元的短语和常识点：
1. What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为…怎么样?
What do you think of the movie?你认为这部影片怎么样? It is boring.很无聊。
2.mind doing sth:介意做某事 3. news (不可以数名词，消息，信息) a piece of good news一条好消息 4.learn (sth) from sb:向或人学习(某物) 5.plan to do sth:方案做某事(plan的曩昔式planned,如今分词planning) 6.hope to do sth:期望做某事
8.favorite (描述词，最喜爱的)= like…best
My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜爱的节目是说话节目。=I like talk shows best.
9.expect to do sth:等待做某事 10.think of认为，想起He often thinks of his teachers. 11.in the 1930s:在二十世纪三十年代(1930年至1939年)
10.12.one of +可数名词复数：…之一(该短语放在句首做主语时，后边的动词用奇数方法)One of the students has an English dictionary.这些学生中一自个有英语字典。
14.luck(名词，走运,命运)—lucky(描述词,走运的)--unlucky (描述词,意外的)
15.be ready to do sth愿意做某事 16.try one's best (to do sth):极力(做某事)
Unit6 Im going to study computer science.
本单元的论题：谈论自个将来的方案或方案。
本单元的语法：学习一般将来时be going to do sth。
本单元的短语和常识点：
1.词性变换：science (名词，科学)—scientist(名词，科学家)
violin(名词，小提琴)--violinst(名词，小提琴家)piano(名词，钢琴)-- pianist(名词，钢琴家)2.grow up生长，长大 3.be good at+名词\代词\动词+ing:擅长… He is good at math,but he isn't good at speaking English.他擅长数学，可是不擅长说英语。
4.keep on doing sth: 持续做某事 5.be sure about:深信，对…有掌控
His mother isn't sure about his study.他的母亲对他的学习没有掌控。
6. move to +地址：搬(家)到某地 7. take singing\acting lessons上歌唱课\上扮演课=have singing\acting lessons 8. send sb sth = send sth to sb寄\送给或人某物
His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfather often sends money to him.
9. learn to do sth学会做某事
10. play the piano弹钢琴 make the soccer team组成足球队 get good grades获得好的成果 eat healthier food吃更安康的食物 get lots of exercise进行许多训练
11. foreign language外国言语 12. study hard尽力学习 most of the time大大都时刻
14. get back from+地址：从…回来 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.
at the beginning of 在…初步的时分, write down写下/记下，
17. different kinds of不一样品种的 have to do with关于，与…有联络,take up初步从事
20. too+描述词+to do sth：太…致使于不能…
so+描述词+that+语句：如此…致使于…
描述词+enough to do sth：满足…可以做某事(留心三个句型有时可以彼此变换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年青致使于不能去上学。
= He is too young to go to school.他太年青了致使于不能去上学。
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
22.make sb+描述词：让或人怎么样 The good news made us happy.(留心：news为不可以数名词)
23.how to do better at school为“疑问词+不定式”即“疑问词+to do sth”
He didn't know when to start.他不晓得啥时分隔端。 24.go to university去上大学
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
本单元的论题：谈论对将来的言语，学习一般将来时will do sth。
本单元的语法：学习一般将来时will do sth。
一般将来时由“助动词will / shall + 动词原型”构成，标明将来某个时刻要发生的动作或存在的状况，常与标明将来的时刻状语如tomorrow、next week，in 2 days(2天之后)等连用。(Shall用于第一人称，will可以用于各种人称。) (will not= won't)
一般疑问句：把必定句中的will 说到句首即可。以上两句的一般疑问句为：
Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.\No, we won't .
否定句：把必定句中的will 变为won't即可。以上两句的否定句为：
We won't visit the old man next week. She won't finish the work in 2 weeks.
本单元的短语和常识点：
1.There be规划：There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/或人+某地/某时
“There be规划”的一般如今时：There is/are+某物/或人+某地/某时
There are 600 students in our school.在咱们学校有600个学生。
一般曩昔时：There was/were+某物/或人+某地/某时 There was a school ten years ago.
一般将来时：There will be+某物/或人+某地/某时.= There is going to be+某物/或人+某地/某时. There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek.下周将有场运动会。 2.on computers在电脑上, on paper在纸上
3.a few +可数名词复数：有一些、有几个 a little +不可以数名词：有一些
few +可数名词复数：几乎没有(标明否定) little+不可以数名词：几乎没有(标明否定)
many+可数名词复数：许多，许多 few 的比照级是fewer ,little的比照级是less
much+不可以数名词：许多，许多 many\much的比照级都是more
There will be less polution in the future.在将来将会有更少的污染。(polution为不可以数名词)
We should plant more trees.咱们大约种更多的树。(tree为可数名词)
There will be fewer cars in the future.在将来将会有更少的轿车。(car为可数名词)
4.in(great)danger在(极度)风险中on the earth在地球上save the earth解救地球
6.in+一段时刻：在…之后(多用于一般将来时)
He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来。→How soon will he come back?多久他将回来?
句型 There is\are sb doing sth.有或人正在做某事。 There is a cat eating fish.
10. hundreds of+名词：成百上千的…，许多…(标明迷糊数字)
数字+ hundred +名词：几百…(标明具体数字)
He has hundreds of book.他有许多书。He bought two hundred books.他买了二百本书。
12.at some point: 在某些方面 free time空闲时刻 in one's free time在或人空闲时刻
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
本单元的论题：描绘干作业的次序和进程。(First首要,Next下面,Then然后,Finally最终)
本单元的语法：温习一般如今时。
本单元的短语和常识点：
1(P57,1a) turn on翻开 turn up调大
turn off关上 turn down调小
2. How many+可数名词复数：多少…
How much+不可以数名词：多少…
He has eight books.他有8本书。→How many books does he have?他有多少本书?
3. 量词的用法：不可以数名词常用“数字+量词+不可以数名词”来标明。如：
a piece of bread一片面包 比照：two pieces of bread两片面包(bread为不可以数名词)
a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黄油
5.one more thing = another one thing 基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词：又多少某物 He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.
7.It's time (for sb) to do sth是或人该做某事的时刻了。It's time for us to have lunch.
It's time for sth是该做某事的时刻了。It's time for the class.是该上课的时分了。
Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
本单元的论题：学会宣告、承受或回绝聘请。 本单元的语法：温习神态动词。
本单元的短语和常识点：
1.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午，在具体哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on,
2. have to 有必要(后跟动词原形)He has to get up early.他有必要早上。→(一般疑问句)Does he get up early? Yes,he does.\No,he doesn't.
(否定句)He doesn't have to get up early.他没有必要早上。
4. sth=want sth 想要某物 Jim would like a new pen .
Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事 He'd like to watch TV.
Would you like to do sth ? 你情愿做...?(用来提出主张或寻求对方定见)
------would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一同去买东西吗?
------Yes,I'd love to ，but I'm doing my homework.我想去,可是我如今正在做家庭作业。
(=Sorry, I'm doing my homework.非常抱愧，我正在做家庭作业。)
5.prepare for sth为…做预备 go to the doctor去看病have the flu 患流感help my parents给父母协助 have an exam考试
6. until 的用法:<1>若动词为连续性动词则用必定句式
He studied until 21:00pm.他一向学习到晚上九点。
<2>若动词为非连续性动词，则用not….until….(直到。。。。才。。。。)
He didn't go to bed until his father came back.他一向到他父亲回来才上床睡觉。
10.study for a math test为数学考试做预备go to the party参加集会
11.What's today?今日几号?Its Monday,the 14th.今日星期一，十四号。
弥补：what day is it today?今日星期几? it's Monday今日星期一。
What's the date today?今日几月几日?It's October 20th .今日10月20日。
12.go to the doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上钢琴课
13.look after 照看，照顾 = take care of
She is old to look after his brother她满足大了可以照看她的弟弟。
take good care of =look after…well好好照看，好好照顾
We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.
感叹句的类型：
⑴ What a∕an+adj+可数名词奇数 (+主语+谓语)!
What +adj+可数名词复数∕不可以数名词 (+主语+谓语)!
What a fine day (it is) !多么好的天啊! (day为可数名词奇数)
What an interesting book it is !多么风趣的一本书啊!(book为可数名词奇数)
What beautiful flowers they are !多么秀丽的花啊! (flowers为可数名词复数)
What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的气候啊!(weather为不可以数名词)
⑵ How +adj +主语+(谓语中的)系动词! How +adv +主语+(谓语中的)实义动词!
How happy I am!我多麽高兴啊! (happy为adj,am为系动词)
How hard they are working !他们作业多么尽力啊!(hard为adv,work为实义动词)
指点：陈述句改为感叹句，可以选用“一判、二定、三移”。
一判：是判别出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性(adj∕adv∕n);
二定：是根据判别出来的成果来断定引导词(中心词为名词用What;中心词为描述词或副词用How;)
三移：就是把主语和谓语移到后边。
留心：在感叹句中，不得呈现so,very，very much等标明程度的单词。
例如：①Our school is beautiful .
一判：beautiful为描述词;二定：beautiful为描述词，用How 来引导;三移：把Our school is移到How beautiful后边，即为感叹句How beautiful our school is!
②He is a clever boy.
一判：boy为名词;二定：boy为名词，用What来引导;三移：把He is移到What a clever boy 后边，即为感叹句What a clever boy he is!
③He studies English well.
一判：well为副词;二定：well为副词，用How 来引导;三移：把He studies移到How well后边，即为感叹句How well he studies!
操练：将下列语句变为感叹句。①The room is very bright.
② We live a happy life today. ③It is a nice present.
④This is difficult problem. ⑤She played the piano wonderfully.
16.)the (best) way to do sth:做某事的(最佳)办法 17.thanks for+名词\V?ing:为啥而谢谢 18.take a trip参加郊游，at the end of this month在本月底
19.go back to+地址：回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.两天后他将回北京。
20.have a surprise party for sb为或人举办一个惊喜的晚会
21.without+名词\代词\ V?ing：没有… He can't finish the work without our help.(help为名词)
He went to school without having breakfast.他没有吃早饭就去上学。(have为动词)
24.look forward to +名词\代词\V.ing：等待，期望
25.hear from sb.收到或人的来信 = receive a letter from sb.
27.the opening of… ：开幕/开业
28.在具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比照：
in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨
29.invite sb to +地址:聘请或人去某地(invite -- invitation ) invite sb to do sth 聘请或人做某事
31.reply to sth / sb：答复某事/答复或人 go shopping 购物，do homework做
家庭作业
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
本单元的论题：谈论作业可以的成果。
本单元的语法：在条件状语从句中，用一般如今时标明将来——即主将从现。
If you go to the party, we will have a great time
从句(一般如今时) (主句一般将来时)
说明：在条件状语从句，时刻状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般如今时标明将来-------简称主将从现
If it is fine tomorrow,I'll visit shanghai
区别:宾语从句若主句为一般如今时，从句可以根据需要用任何时态
I think I”ll finish the work in 2 days. 我认为我在两天内将结束这项作业。
主句(一般如今时) 宾语从句
填空：I think she (come)here tomorrow. If he (come )here,I (call)you.
本单元的短语和常识点：
1.have a great /good time 玩的开心
2.stay at home呆在家里 take the bus乘公交车
3.go to the party参加晚会 tomorrow night明日晚上
4.talk about sth谈论某事
5.have a class party开班级晚会 have a class meeting 开班会
6.plan to do sth方案做某事 They are planning to go shopping.他们正在方案购物。
7.(P74,2b)half the class 全班一半人,make some food 做食物
8.ask sb. to do sth 请或人做某事My parents often ask me to study
hard.
9.ask sb. not to do sth 请或人不要做某事 My techer often asks us not to be late.
10.too+描述词+to do sth：太…致使于不能…
so+描述词+that+语句：如此…致使于…
描述词+enough to do sth：满足…可以做某事(留心三个句型常常可以交换变换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年青致使于不能去上学。
= He is too young to go to school.他太年青了致使于不能去上学。
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
11.tell sb. to do sth 高速或人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth 告诉或人不要做某事
12.give sb some advice给或人主张/??(adivce为不可以数名词)
13.travel around the world 周游世界, go to college 上大学，
make(a lot of)money 挣钱, get an education承受教育 ，
14.work hard 尽力作业，a soccer player 一个足球运建议
15.talk to sb.与或人说话，keep…to oneself 把…留给自个/独处
16.have problems with sth:在某方面有困难 have problems (in)doing sth:做方面有困难 (2个句型常常可以交换)
She has problems with English.她在学习英语方面有困难。
= She has problems (in) learning English.她学习英语有困难。
17.unless=if…not假定…不 Unless it is sunny
tomorrow,I won't go shopping.=If it isn't sunny tomorrow,I won't go shopping.
18.be afraid to do sth:不敢做某事be afraid of sth:惧怕某物
19.be angry with sb生或人的气He is angry with his son.他在生他儿子的气。
be angry about\at sth 因某事而生气He is angry about\at his work.他因为作业生气。
20.make mistakes犯差错
21.remember to do sth记取去做某事(作业还未做)
remember doing sth记取现已做过某事(作业做完，可是还记取)
Please remember to close the door when you leave.当你脱离的时分记取关上门。(门还未关).
He remembered closing the door.他记取现已关上门了。(门现已关上)
22.advise sb to do sth?祷蛉俗瞿呈?advise sb doing主张提议做某事。
23.It's best (not)to do sth. 最佳(不要)做某事
24.run away from躲避Don't run away from your problems.
25.solve a problem处置难题
26.agree with sb:附和或人(的观点、定见、观念等)
27.worry about 忧虑 =be worried about